What is Artificial Intelligence? 

Artificial intelligence (AI): The capability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.  The term is often applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from previous experience.  Considering that the growth of the computer in the 1940s, it has been shown that computers can be programmed to execute very complex tasks--as, by way of example, discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing boxing --with great proficiency.  Still, despite continuing advances in computer processing speed and memory capability, there are as yet no programs that could match human flexibility within wider domain names or in tasks requiring much regular understanding.  On the other hand, some applications have attained the performance levels of human specialists and practitioners in performing certain specific tasks, so that artificial intelligence in this limited sense is found in applications as varied as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and text or voice recognition.

What's Artificial Intelligence?

 All but the most straightforward human behavior is ascribed to intellect, although even the most complex insect behaviour is not taken as an indication of intelligence.  What's the difference?   When the female wasp returns to her burrow with meals, she first deposits it on the brink, checks for intruders inside her burrow, and only then, when the coast is clear, conveys her food inside.  The actual nature of this wasp's instinctual behavior is revealed if the food is moved a few inches away from the entry to her burrow while she's indoors: on emerging, she will repeat the entire process as frequently as the food is displaced.  Intelligence--conspicuously absent in the case of Sphex--has to include the ability to adapt to new circumstances. Psychologists typically do not clarify human intellect by only one trait but by the combination of several diverse abilities.  Research in AI has focused mostly on these components of intelligence: 

Learning reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and using terminology. Learning There are quite a few distinct forms of instruction as applied to artificial intelligence.  The easiest is learning by trial and error.  By way of example, simple computer software for solving mate-in-one chess issues might try moves at random until a partner is found.  The program might then save the solution with the position so that the next time the computer encountered the exact same place it would remember the solution.  This simple memorizing of individual objects and procedures--known as rote learning--is comparatively easy to implement on a computer.  More challenging is the issue of executing what is known as generalization.  Generalization involves applying past experience to analogous new situations.  By way of instance, a program that learns the past tense of regular English verbs by rote will not be able to produce the past tense of a word such as jump unless it previously was presented together with jumped, whereas a program which can generalize can learn the"add erectile " rule and so form the past tense of jump based on experience with similar verbs.